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        • Bosa
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        • Alberobello
        • Castelluccio
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      • I Borghi Piu Belli d'Italia >
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        • Grottammare
        • Chiusa
        • Castel di Tora
        • Castiglione di Sicilia
        • Porto Ercole
      • Orange Flag Towns of Italy >
        • Roccascalegna
        • Arpino
        • Clusone
        • Apricale
        • Triora
        • Torno
        • Fontanellato
        • Nemi
        • San Vito al Tagliamento
        • Alberona
      • Vineyard Towns of Italy >
        • Barolo
        • Bolgheri
        • Soave
        • Greve in Chianti
        • Barbaresco
        • San Giorgio di Valpolicella
        • Radda in Chianti
        • Frascati
        • Gavi
      • Mural Towns of Italy >
        • Dozza
        • Sant'Angelo Le Fratte
        • Valogno
        • San Sperate
        • Satriano di Lucania
        • Usseaux
        • Cibiana di Cadore
      • Spa Towns of Italy >
        • Salsomaggiore Terme
        • San Pellegrino Terme
        • Montecatini Terme
        • Chianciano Terme
        • Saturnia
        • Bagno Vignoni
      • Ghost Towns of Italy >
        • Craco
        • Pentedattilo
        • Celleno
        • Argentiera
    • Italian Coastal and Lake Resorts >
      • Top Ten Italian Beach Resorts >
        • Isola Bella (Taormina)
        • Vieste
        • Sestri Levante
        • Tropea
        • Santa Teresa Gallura
        • Cefalu
        • Gallipoli
        • Biodola
        • Monterosso al Mare
        • Sperlonga
      • Seaside Towns of Italy >
        • Positano
        • Sorrento
        • Amalfi
        • Polignano a Mare
        • Alghero
        • Portofino
        • Portovenere
        • Scilla
        • Sanremo
        • Rimini
      • Coastal Towns of Southern Italy >
        • Otranto
        • Santa Flavia
        • Gaeta
        • Termoli
        • Pizzo
        • Trani
        • Agropoli
        • Santa Maria al Bagno
        • Fontane Bianche
        • San Foca
      • Coastal Towns of Northern Italy >
        • Sirolo
        • Camogli
        • Rapallo
        • Caorle
        • Viareggio
        • Cesenatico
        • Santa Margherita Ligure
        • Muggia
        • Portonovo
        • Castiglioncello
      • Lakeside Towns of Italy >
        • Varenna
        • Orta San Giulio
        • Como
        • Bellagio
        • Verbania
        • Sirmione
        • Molveno
        • Trevignano Romano
        • Desenzano del Garda
        • Passignano sul Trasimeno
      • Italian Coastal Areas >
        • Amalfi Coast
        • Salento
        • Cinque Terre
        • Gargano Peninsula
        • Riviera di Levante
        • Riviera di Ponente
        • Conero Peninsula
        • Versilia
      • Fishing Villages of Italy >
        • Vernazza
        • Marina Corricella
        • Bogliasco
        • Giovinazzo
        • Sant'Angelo d'Ischia
        • Riomaggiore
        • Nervi
        • Chianalea
        • Bisceglie
      • Italian Beaches >
        • Best Beaches in Italy >
          • Spiaggia dei Conigli
          • La Pelosa Beach
          • Cala delle Caldane Beach
          • Cala Rossa Beach (Favignana)
          • Maronti Beach
          • Cavoli Beach
          • Torre Sant'Andrea
          • Rena Bianca Beach
        • Beach Resorts of Italy >
          • San Vito Lo Capo
          • Marzamemi
          • Baja Sardinia
          • Santa Caterina
          • Marcelli
          • Sampieri
          • Lacona
        • Blue Flag Beaches in Italy
    • Italian Islands >
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        • Aeolian Islands >
          • Lipari
          • Salina
          • Panarea
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          • Filicudi
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        • Aegadian Islands >
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          • Levanzo
          • Marettimo
        • Pelagie Islands >
          • Lampedusa
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        • Pantelleria
        • Ustica
      • Sardinian Islands >
        • La Maddalena Archipelago >
          • La Maddalena Island
          • Caprera
          • Spargi
          • Santa Maria
          • Santo Stefano (Maddalena)
          • Razzoli
          • Budelli
        • Sant'Antioco
        • Asinara
        • Tavolara
        • San Pietro Island
      • Tuscan Archipelago >
        • Elba >
          • Things to see in Elba >
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        • Giglio
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        • Giannutri
      • Phlegraean Islands >
        • Ischia
        • Procida
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      • Pontine Islands >
        • Ponza >
          • Things to see in Ponza >
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            • Ponza Travel >
              • How to get to Ponza
              • Buses in Ponza
        • Ventotene
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        • Zannone
        • Gavi Island
      • Tremiti Islands >
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      • Venetian Lagoon Islands >
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        • Isola Bella (Lake Maggiore)
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        • Isola Minore (Lake Trasimeno)
      • Capri
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      • Palmaria
    • Man-Made Landmarks of Italy >
      • Castles of Italy >
        • Castello Aragonese (Ischia)
        • Castel del Monte
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        • Buonconsiglio Castle
        • Castello Estense
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        • Castel Beseno
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        • Rocca Calascio
      • Beautiful Italian Piazzas >
        • Piazza del Campo
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        • Piazza Duomo (Syracuse)
        • Piazza del Duomo (Florence)
      • Roman Monuments in Italy >
        • Colosseum
        • Verona Arena
        • Campano Amphitheatre
        • Roman Forum
        • Roman Amphitheatre of Lecce
        • Pantheon
        • Arch of Constantine
        • Roman Theatre of Aosta
        • Circus Maximus
        • Arch of Augustus (Rimini)
      • Towers of Italy >
        • Leaning Tower of Pisa
        • Giotto's Bell Tower
        • Saint Mark's Bell Tower
        • Torre dei Lamberti
        • Two Towers of Bologna
        • Torre del Mangia
        • Bosco Verticale
        • Torrazzo of Cremona
        • Palazzo Vecchio Tower
        • Leaning Tower of Portogruaro
      • Bridges of Italy >
        • Rialto Bridge
        • Ponte Vecchio (Florence)
        • Castelvecchio Bridge
        • Ponte Coperto
        • Ponte Vecchio (Bassano)
        • Ponte Sant'Angelo
        • Ponte della Maddalena
        • Milvian Bridge
        • Ponte Pietra
        • Ponte Flaminio
      • Modern Landmarks of Italy >
        • Trevi Fountain
        • Statue of David
        • Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
        • Il Vittoriano
        • Arco della Pace
        • Galleria Umberto I
        • Mole Antonelliana
        • Cimitero Monumentale (Milan)
      • Monuments of Magna Graecia >
        • Greek Theatre of Syracuse
        • Paestum
        • Riace Bronzes
        • Tavole Palatine
        • Ancient Greek Theatre of Taormina
        • Tyndaris
    • Natural Landmarks of Italy >
      • Lakes of Italy >
        • Lake Garda
        • Lake Como
        • Lake Maggiore
        • Lake Trasimeno
        • Lake Bracciano
        • Lake Orta
        • Lake Iseo
        • Lake Lugano
        • Lake Tenno
        • Lakes of Fusine
      • Rivers of Italy >
        • River Po
        • River Adige
        • River Tiber
        • River Adda
        • River Oglio
        • River Tanaro
        • River Ticino
        • River Arno
        • River Piave
        • River Reno
      • Mountains of Italy >
        • Mount Vesuvius
        • Mount Etna
        • Matterhorn
        • Monte Bianco
        • Mount Subasio
        • Monte Amiata
        • Mount Epomeo
        • Mount Solaro
      • Mountain Ranges of Italy >
        • The Italian Alps
        • The Apennines
        • The Dolomites
      • Mountain and Valley Regions of Italy >
        • Val d'Orcia
        • Val Gardena
        • Lys Valley
        • Val di Cecina
      • Wine Regions of Italy >
        • Chianti
        • Langhe
        • Monferrato
        • Valpolicella
    • Religious Buildings of Italy >
      • Cathedrals of Italy >
        • Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
        • Milan Cathedral
        • Florence Cathedral
        • Basilica di San Marco
        • Siena Cathedral
        • Orvieto Cathedral
        • Monreale Cathedral
        • Syracuse Cathedral
        • Pisa Cathedral
        • Cefalu Cathedral
      • Basilicas of Italy >
        • Saint Peters Basilica
        • Basilica di San Nicola
        • Basilica di San Vitale
        • Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
        • Basilica di Sant'Apollinare in Classe
        • Basilica di Santa Croce Lecce
        • Basilica di San Petronio
        • Basilica di Sant'Antonio
        • Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
        • Basilica di Sant'Anastasia
      • Abbeys & Monasteries of Italy >
        • Pomposa Abbey
        • Certosa di Pavia
        • Montecassino Abbey
        • Chiaravalle Abbey
        • Santa Caterina del Sasso
        • Fossanova Abbey
        • Certosa di Padula
        • Abbazia di Chiaravalle di Fiastra
      • Baptisteries of Italy >
        • Florence Baptistery
        • Pisa Baptistery
        • Padua Baptistery
        • Lateran Baptistery
        • Parma Baptistery
        • Pistoia Baptistery
        • Neonian Baptistery of Ravenna
        • Albenga Baptistery
      • Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy >
        • Sacro Monte di Oropa
        • Sacro Monte di Varallo
        • Sacro Monte di Crea
        • Sacro Monte di Ghiffa
        • Sacro Monte di Domodossola
        • Sacro Monte di Orta
      • Religious Sanctuaries of Italy >
        • Sanctuary of Padre Pio
        • Santuario Madonna della Corona
        • Sacra di San Michele
        • Tindari Sanctuary
        • Santuario di San Francesco di Paola
        • La Verna
      • Chapels of Italy >
        • Sistine Chapel
        • Palatine Chapel (Palermo)
        • Scrovegni Chapel
        • Pazzi Chapel
    • Cultural Institutions of Italy >
      • Archaeological Sites of Italy >
        • Pompeii
        • Ostia Antica
        • Su Nuraxi di Barumini
        • Villa Romana del Casale
        • Aquileia
        • Valley of the Temples (Agrigento)
        • Nora
        • Herculaneum
        • Metaponto
        • Villa Adriana (Tivoli)
      • Gardens of Italy >
        • Villa Taranto
        • Villa d'Este (Tivoli)
        • La Mortella Gardens
        • Villa Rufolo
        • Parco Giardino Sigurta
        • Villa Monastero
        • Villa Lante
        • Villa Carlotta
        • Villa Cimbrone
        • Giardino Giusti
      • Museums of Italy >
        • Vatican Museums
        • National Automobile Museum (Turin)
        • National Museum of Science & Technology (Milan)
        • Naples National Archaeological Museum
        • Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Florence)
        • Egyptian Museum of Turin
        • Museo di Santa Giulia
        • National Museum of Magna Graecia
      • Palaces of Italy >
        • Royal Palace of Caserta
        • Royal Palace of Turin
        • Doge's Palace
        • Royal Palace of Naples
        • Palazzo Ducale (Mantova)
        • Royal Palace of Capodimonte
        • Villa Farnese (Caprarola)
        • Palazzo Ducale Urbino
      • Art Galleries of Italy >
        • Uffizi Gallery
        • Doria Pamphili Gallery
        • Galleria dell'Accademia (Florence)
        • Pinacoteca Ambrosiana
        • Galleria d'Arte Moderna (Turin)
        • Palazzo Blu
      • Theatres of Italy >
        • Teatro San Carlo
        • Teatro alla Scala
        • Teatro La Fenice
        • Teatro Bibiena
    • UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Italy >
      • Residences of the Royal House of Savoy >
        • Reggia di Venaria Reale
        • Castello di Govone
        • Palazzina di Caccia di Stupinigi
        • Palazzo Madama (Turin)
        • Castello di Aglie
        • Castello del Valentino
        • Castello della Mandria
        • Racconigi Castle
        • Rivoli Castle
        • Palazzo Carignano
      • Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalu and Monreale >
        • Ponte dell'Ammiraglio
        • Castello della Zisa
        • Chiesa di San Giovanni degli Eremiti
        • Chiesa di San Cataldo
        • Chiesa di Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio
      • Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna >
        • Archiepiscopal Chapel
        • Arian Baptistery
        • Basilica di Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
        • Mausoleum of Galla Placidia
        • Mausoleum of Theodoric
      • Longobards in Italy Places of the Power 568 to 774 AD >
        • Basilica di San Salvatore (Spoleto)
        • Castelseprio
        • Monte Sant'Angelo
        • Santa Sofia Complex of Benevento
        • Tempietto del Clitunno
      • Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany >
        • Villa Medicea La Ferdinanda
        • Villa della Petraia
        • Villa di Poggio a Caiano
      • Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto South Eastern Sicily >
        • Caltagirone
        • Militello in Val di Catania
        • Palazzolo Acreide
      • 18th Century Royal Palace at Caserta with the Park the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli and the San Leucio Complex >
        • San Leucio Complex
        • Vanvitelli Aqueduct
      • Venetian Works of Defence Between the 16th and 17th Centuries Stato da Terra Western Stato da Mar >
        • Peschiera del Garda
    • Parks of Italy >
      • National Parks of Italy >
        • Abruzzo Lazio & Molise National Park
        • Alta Murgia National Park
        • Appennino Lucano Val d'Agri and Lagonegrese National Park
        • Appennino Tosco Emiliano National Park
        • Aspromonte National Park
        • Cilento Vallo di Diano & Alburni National Park
      • Nature Reserves of Italy >
        • Riserva Naturale dello Zingaro
        • Adamello Brenta Nature Park
        • Stagnone Nature Reserve
        • Migliarino San Rossore Nature Park
        • Fanes Sennes Prags Nature Park
        • Torre Guaceto
      • Regional Parks of Italy >
        • Matese Regional Park
        • Po Delta Regional Park
        • Parco Naturale Orsiera Rocciavre
        • Parco di Pratolino
      • Italian City Parks >
        • Villa Borghese
        • Parco Sempione
        • Real Bosco di Capodimonte
        • Villa Doria Pamphili
        • Parco Ducale Parma
        • Villa Giulia Palermo
  • Italy
    • Regions of Italy >
      • Northern Italy >
        • Lombardy >
          • Things to see in Lombardy
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          • Things to see in Piedmont
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          • Things to see in Veneto
        • Liguria >
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        • Friuli Venezia Giulia >
          • Things to see in Friuli Venezia Giulia
        • Trentino Alto Adige South Tyrol >
          • Things to see in Trentino Alto Adige South Tyrol
        • Valle d'Aosta >
          • Things to see in Valle d'Aosta
      • Central Italy >
        • Tuscany >
          • Things to see in Tuscany
        • Lazio >
          • Things to see in Lazio
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          • Things to see in Marche
        • Abruzzo >
          • Things to see in Abruzzo
        • Umbria >
          • Things to see in Umbria
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          • Things to see in Molise
      • Southern Italy >
        • Puglia >
          • Things to see in Puglia
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          • Things to see in Campania
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          • Things to see in Calabria
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          • Things to see in Basilicata
      • Island Regions >
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          • Things to see in Sicily
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          • Things to see in Sardinia
    • Provinces of Italy
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Italy's Greatest Cities Explored and Explained

Photo: Florence, Tuscany

Cities  of  Italy


By Dion Protani
Latest update: 27 April 2022

The cities of Italy are the envy of the world; built up through the millennia, enjoying great success, suffering disasters, building and rebuilding.

​Within the cities we find the largest populations and the majority of Italy's major museums and cultural monuments. 

​There are in excess of a hundred official cities or provincial capitals in Italy during modern times and here we can showcase the very best of them. As there are so many great Italian cities to explore, they've been divided up into four categories from the major cities to the unmissable, simply beautiful and those of the Renaissance. 
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This allows us the chance to discover not only the most famous handful, but the wondrous Italian cities that don't get the worldwide coverage of their illustrious counterparts. ​It's only when you take the first step beyond those famous cities that the real beauty of Italy reveals itself.  

Related links
Must See Italy
​Towns and Villages of Italy
Italy
​Top Ten Cities of Italy

Major Cities of Italy
Within the major cities of Italy we find the ten most popular cities, although not quite the most populous. Top of the list without question is the imperious capital city of Italy: Rome. 

​Competing with Rome in terms of appeal is Venice, the magical city on the sea and capital of the Veneto region. The flower of the Renaissance and third most popular city in Italy is Florence, while Milan in fourth place is the financial heartbeat of the country. 

​Naples is a city whose treasures don't appear at first sight but reveal themselves gloriously with a little exploration, while modern-day Turin can boast some of the country's best museums. 
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Il Vittoriano, Rome
Ever since Shakespeare penned Romeo and Juliet, Verona has been known as the City of Love but it's so much more than that with amazing bridges, Roman monuments and Renaissance piazzas. During the Middle Ages the city of Genoa was one of the economic successes of the world, rivalled only by Venice with its financial might built on maritime trade. The modern-day capital of Liguria is a bustling port city to this day and a UNESCO World Heritage site due to its Palazzi dei Rolli. 

​Bologna is famous for its gastronomic delights but also as a seat of learning with the world's oldest university within its environs. There's a little bit of everything in the capital of Emilia Romagna including leaning towers and one of the largest churches in Christendom. At the opposite end of the country we find Palermo where again, in a similar way to Naples, we often have to scratch the surface to find the hidden treasures. But oh what treasures! The Arab-Norman churches of Palermo and the surrounding area are beyond compare; among the nine sites that make up the city's UNESCO listing, is the golden glowing Palatine Chapel - just about the most beautiful thing in Italy.
Palatine Chapel, Palermo
Reggio di Venaria Reale, Turin

Must See Italian Cities
The next group of must see Italian cities is in addition to the ten detailed above, which of course you must see as well! Most of these cities will be familiar to anyone with a passing interest in Italy  but might not perhaps be the ones you'd see on your first visit. 

​Now I'm quite sure anyone who's reached this point knows the first city on the list: Pisa, whose Leaning Tower is just one of a series of astonishing sites on the appropriately-named Piazza dei Miracoli. 

​Another Tuscan city is next: Siena which is one of the smallest cities in Italy but with so much beauty packed in. One of the unmissable sights here is the view of Piazza Campo from the Torre del Mangia.
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Piazza Duomo, Syracuse
The Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna is a UNESCO World Heritage listing which forms the basis of an itinerary from which to explore the beautiful city in Emilia Romagna. The great attraction of Ravenna comes in the form of its churches and other historic monuments which are decorated with extraordinary Byzantine mosaics from the 5th and 6th centuries. 

From the photo above you can catch just a glimpse of the beauty on show in the Sicilian city of Syracuse. The photo shows the Piazza Duomo in the area known as Ortigia; a little island where some of Italy's greatest Baroque buildings can be found. You can stroll around the edge of Ortigia and gaze out on to emerald seas, or explore Syracuse's mainland sights which include an astonishing Greek Theatre.

Padua, in the same Veneto region as Venice, lies further inland and has a wonderful array of sights to explore. It's home to one of the largest and most beautiful squares in Italy called Prato della Valle and boasts two UNESCO sights: the Scrovegni Chapel with its frescoes by Giotto and the world's oldest botanical garden: the Botanical Garden of Padua. ​
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna
Prato della Valle, Padua

​Just as the aforementioned Syracuse is famous for its Baroque architecture, another city in southern Italy can boast its own version of it: Lecce Baroque. The most beautiful church in the city in Puglia is the Basilica di Santa Croce while its Piazza del Duomo is among the very best squares in Italy. At the opposite end of the country is a town whose architecture is largely from the Renaissance period; Mantua was the home of the ruling Gonzaga family who built the stunning Palazzo Ducale there and the impressive Castello di San Giorgio next to it. 

​One of the oldest cities in the world, Matera has shot to fame in recent years as it was awarded a UNESCO listing and also appeared as the backdrop in various Hollywood movies. The Sassi of Matera, the historic districts of the town where the houses are clustered together one on top of the other, is one of the most beguiling sights in southern Italy. By contrast, the cities of Lucca in Tuscany and Pavia in Lombardy belong to a later period of history with much of their beauty owning to the Renaissance period. The walled city of Lucca has the amazing Piazza dell'Anfiteatro: a square created from a Roman amphitheatre among its sights, while Pavia's main attractions range from its famous Ponte Coperto bridge to the Certosa di Pavia monastery just outside the city. 
Matera, Basilicata
Basilica di Santa Croce, Lecce

Beautiful Italian Cities
Within these four categories there is a good deal of crossover and some cities belong in each one. However, away from the list of major cities and the must see category after it, let's have a look at another ten beautiful Italian cities. 

​We start with a city that lies at the north-eastern edge of Italy, close to the international border with Slovenia. 

​Trieste is perhaps the most un-Italian of all the cities listed here; its architecture is atypical of the most famous northern Italian cities and shaped by the many years during which it formed part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
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Borgo Teresiano, Trieste
The Emilia Romagna region is synonymous with gastronomy as alluded to further up the page in the case of the region's capital of Bologna; it doesn't stop there though as Parma is known across the world for its cured ham called prosciutto di Parma and for its Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. Parma was also one of the most important cities during the Renaissance with some beautiful architecture to match. 

​Of an altogether different look and feel is Perugia, the capital of Umbria. Essentially one of the larger hill towns of Italy, Perugia is an ancient Etruscan city whose centre is dominated by Renaissance buildings gathered around the focal point of Piazza IV Novembre. Perugia is also home to the Perugina chocolate company who make the Baci chocolates; each one with a message of love printed inside. 

​Ragusa is another hill town, but this time in Sicily. The city is built on different levels, partly due to an earthquake that devastated the region in 1693. As a result of the earthquake, Ragusa and the nearby towns underwent a huge rebuilding project, unlike anything hitherto seen. The cities and towns were properly mapped out and rebuilt with an exquisite collection of Baroque buildings. 

​A city that doesn't usually find its name on the lips of most tourists is Brescia in the northern region of Lombardy. However, it has a fabulous collection of historic monuments from different eras; here you can find Roman ruins alongside Fascist period piazzas, early churches from the Longobard period of rule and a medieval castle overlooking the city from the hill above. 

Northern Italy is scattered with medieval and Renaissance city and the Po Valley is particularly fertile ground for them. Modena in Emilia Romagna is one such city and listed by UNESCO for its Cathedral, main piazza and Torre Ghirlandina. Back down in Sicily we find another UNESCO city: Catania. It shares its listing with Ragusa and another half a dozen towns that were rebuilt in the Baroque style.

Udine in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region of north-east Italy has an eclectic array of architecture from different historical periods, while another Lombard city: Bergamo, mixes a modern lower town with a medieval upper town surrounded by defensive walls. The final city in this section is Viterbo in the central region of Lazio: for many years it was the home of the Pope and its most famous building, the Palazzo dei Papi, was used for the longest ever conclave from 1268-1271. 
Ragusa Ibla, Sicily
Museo di Santa Giulia, Brescia

Renaissance Cities and Towns of Italy
The Renaissance cities and towns of Italy are those where the movement between the 14th and 17th centuries flourished the most. Each of the main cities of Italy: Rome, Venice, Milan and in particular, Florence, have envious collections not only of Renaissance architecture, but art galleries and museums. 

However, beyond the four listed above, there are further cities where the Renaissance was the key period of time that left its mark. One such example is the city of Ferrara which was listed by UNESCO under the heading: "City of the Renaissance" among its other attributes. From the end of the 15th century Ferrara's city centre was built upon the Renaissance principle of an "ideal city".
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Palazzo Ducale, Urbino
Urbino in the Marche region is one of the smallest Italian cities where modern expansion hasn't taken hold. During the Renaissance, it was governed by Federico di Montefeltro, the Duke of Urbino who transformed the town and its fortunes. His stamp can be seen all around the town but nowhere more so than at the Palazzo Ducale: one of the true gems of Renaissance architecture. 

One of the key figures of the Renaissance was the sixteenth century architect Andrea Palladio. Born in Padua, he later became more closely associated with another city in the Veneto region: Vicenza. Palladio took the early ideas of Renaissance architecture and refined them to such a degree that his work is seen as a benchmark for the style. In Vicenza alone he designed 23 buildings including the Basilica Palladiana.

​It's impossible to talk about Renaissance cities without mentioning a small town in Tuscany: Pienza was named after Pope Pius II whose vision it was to create the ideal Renaissance town there. Among the most famous Renaissance buildings in Pienza are the town's cathedral and the Palazzo Piccolomini which uses Pope Pius II's surname just in case anyone should forget it was his town!

With Florence leading the way, Tuscany was the centre of the Renaissance and two more of its cities are synonymous with the movement: Arezzo was a hotbed of artistic genius and Livorno was a coastal backwater before the Medici turned it into another ideal city. The Renaissance left an artistic and architectural legacy on the cities of Parma (Emilia Romagna), Cremona (Lombardy) and Ascoli Piceno in Marche while aforementioned Mantua which is on the list of must see cities, earned its UNESCO inscription alongside the much smaller nearby town of Sabbioneta with both cited for their Renaissance town planning. 

Another project to create an ideal city took shape in little Palmanova in Friuli Venezia Giulia. Although it's something you don't realise from ground level, the aerial views show an extraordinary nine-pointed star shape, partially created by the ramparts which form the town's defensive system, along with a moat. 
Castello Estense, Ferrara
Basilica Palladiana, Vicenza
Piazza Grande, Arezzo
Palazzo del Comune, Cremona

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